Verified answer
Can you unlock every ability in the first playthrough?
Quick answer
No. Remedy explicitly says not everything can be unlocked in one playthrough. Branching Resonant rewards and specialization make the first run a set of meaningful build choices.
What this means
New Game Plus creates more combination freedom, including multiple different Combat Abilities from the same boss. This is why a first-run build guide should discuss trade-offs rather than promise a complete arsenal.
Official source
PlayStation Blog — progression specialization
Continue with the relevant guide
Open the related Control Resonant guide for the current topic summary, connected systems, and any later verified changes.
This answer is reviewed against pre-release official information. It states unknown boundaries explicitly and will be revised when Remedy or a first-party store publishes a newer fact.